Injongo outlawing ukuziphatha kukukhusela society
Wolwaphulo-mthetho yi ariya umthetho ukuba relates ukuba prohibited ukuziphatha kulo mbutho
Xa urhulumente iinkokeli athabathe amanyathelo ban iintshukumo ezithile, baya yenza yolwaphulo-mthetho.
Wolwaphulo-mthetho yi ariya umthetho ukuba ibandakanya enforcing, ulwaphulo-mthetho umthetho ngokunjalo wayekhusela ngokuchasene allegations ka-violations, ulwaphulo-mthetho umthetho. Umthetho makers ngokuqhelekileyo okokuba umthetho kunye nenkolo ukuba ke kuba wonke olungileyo. Ulwaphulo-mthetho imithetho kufuneka isetyenziswe evenly wonke umntu. Lawmakers akasoze enze umthetho ukuba ekujoliswe kuko kuphela omnye umntu. I-ngeenjongo ka-punishing, ulwaphulo-mthetho offenders ziquka retribution, deterring ezithile behaviors, ukuthintela ezongezelelweyo offenses kwaye rehabilitation ka-offenders. I-mthetho ayonto ulwaphulo-mthetho nje ngenxa yokuba amagosa karhulumente prohibit ukuziphatha. Endaweni yoko, ukuziphatha yi ulwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa izohlwayo ukuba ingaba iqhotyoshelwe ukuya utyeshelo lomgaqo. Kwimeko a ulwaphulo-mthetho, umntu ke inkululeko iqhele kumgca manani. Ngamnye ulwaphulo-mthetho carries a ubukhulu esangezelelweyo. Ukuba esangezelelweyo lelona isixa-mali ixesha ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukuchitha kwi-ejele ukuba babe. Zolwaphulo mthetho offense rhoqo sele ezinye izohlwayo efana kulungile, cyobulingwa kwaye bafakwe imbali offense kwi yomntu wonke, ulwaphulo-mthetho imbali. Nangona kunjalo, distinguishing uphawu, ulwaphulo-mthetho umthetho kukuba umntu lowo ngokugqithisileyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho offense babe ukuchitha ixesha ejele okanye entolongweni. Yolwaphulo-mthetho zahlulwa njengoko felony offenses kwaye misdemeanor offenses. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho yi felony ukuba ubukhulu kunokwenzeka esangezelelweyo ngu ngaphezu konyaka omnye kwi-ejele. A felony idla kuzisa malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ka-oza kwimo entolongweni kunokuba kuyo ejele. A misdemeanor yi ulwaphulo-mthetho ukuba carries a ubukhulu esangezelelweyo ka-ngaphantsi kwesinye ngonyaka ejele. Abanye states kuba low-inqanaba misdemeanors ukuba musa ukuzithwala malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ka-ejele ixesha.
Umzekelo, kwi-Michigan, encinci abo drives nge igazi utywala isiqulatho unetyala a misdemeanor ke punishable nge kuphela kakuhle kwaye uluntu inkonzo.
Ngamnye urhulumente enokuba eyodwa classifications embalwa iintlobo offenses. Umzekelo, kuba ezithile felony offenses kwi-Texas, offenders ubuso kuphela malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ka-confinement kwimo ejele kuba zange ngaphantsi kwe- imihla okanye ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini.
E-United States, onke amanqanaba karhulumente unako ukwenza yolwaphulo-mthetho.
I-federal urhulumente, urhulumente oorhulumente kwaye nkqu wobulali abasemagunyeni unako ukwenza yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ke kanjalo ukuya kwi-iyunithi karhulumente ukuba yenza umthetho enforce kuyo. Ukuba ukhe ubene ibe igcwalisiwe nge federal ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngaba impendulo ngayo federal inkundla.
Ukuba kuyo iyunithi karhulumente imirhumo umntu nge ulwaphulo-mthetho, abafundanga.
i paperwork eyiyo inkundla kwaye azise kwezabo lamagqwetha ukumsukela prosecution ye-offense.
Kwimo okanye wengingqi umthetho kusenokuba ngakumbi restrictive ngaphandle federal umthetho, kodwa kwimo okanye urhulumente weengingqi ayikwazi leyo lakuyenza ingabi semthethweni a federal umthetho.
Umzekelo, ukuba urhulumente urhulumente enza kube mthethweni ukulithabathela kuthi marijuana, isixeko urhulumente andinaku kuza noku kwaye leyo lakuyenza ingabi semthethweni ukuba umthetho.
I-arraignment ngu lokuqala inkundla imbonakalo
Nangona isixeko unako ukwenza umgaqo-nkqubo ukuba uthi zabo komthetho amagosa aren khange ke enforce umthetho, baya andinaku nullify kwimo okanye federal umthetho. Zolwaphulo mthetho meko iqala nge-i-arrest okanye i-filing ka-kulandelwe imirhumo. Ekugqibeleni, ke ukuya kwi-umtshutshisi kuba urhulumente ukuba wenze isigqibo kwentlawulo umntu nge ulwaphulo-mthetho. Xa amapolisa unako ukwenza i-lokuqala arrest, umntu akuthethi ukuba formally ubuso imirhumo de urhulumente ke lamagqwetha iifayile kwabo. Ijaji okanye umantyi formally ifunda umtyholwa umntu iinkcukacha imirhumo babe. iyonela kububanzi bephepha. Baya cwangcisa bond isixa-mali kwaye iimeko makhoboka. Kwi-rare ezinzima iimeko, babe ukuze komthetho ukubamba umntu ngaphandle bond de isisombululo kwetyala. I-nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo sele ixesha namandla ukuhlanganisa ulwazi malunga meko. I-nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo unako ukukhonza a discovery imfuneko ukuba ifuna ukuba urhulumente ke lamagqwetha ukuvelisa ubungqina malunga meko. Urhulumente ke lamagqwetha rhoqo ingaba i-ethical obligation ukunikezela nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo kunye ubungqina ukuze abe favorable yabo nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo. Ukuba abazali bayafikelela a isisombululo, kunjalo akavumelekanga ukuba yiya linge. Urhulumente babe uyavuma ukuba cima imirhumo, babe uyavuma ukuba cima imirhumo kunye nemiqathango, okanye babe khona i-plea isisombululo. Ukuba amaqela unako ukusombulula le meko, ijaji okanye jury nokuva ubungqina e a kulandelwe linge. Ukuba jury ufumana i-defendant hayi benetyala, kunjalo siphela. Ukuba baya kufumana defendant benetyala, kunjalo proceeds ukuba sentencing. Zolwaphulo mthetho lawyer ngokuphonononga zabo umxhasi ukuqonda, ulwaphulo-mthetho imithetho. Baye kanjalo uncedo umxhasi uyiqonde indlela yabo iintshukumo babe okanye akuvumelekanga ekuvunyelwene ngawo a wolwaphulo-mthetho. A nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo lamagqwetha babe uncedo lwabo umxhasi ukuqonda nokuba ngaba ezicetywayo yobomi intshukumo yi ulwaphulo-mthetho. Umtshutshisi kuba urhulumente babe uncedo komthetho amagosa ukuqonda eyona iindlela ezilungileyo enforcing umthetho. A prosecutor okanye wesithili lamagqwetha lunika ubungqina kwaye pursues prosecution ka iimeko egameni iyunithi karhulumente ukuba bamela. Benza izigqibo malunga nokuba ngaba yandisa a plea kunikela. Baya anike ubungqina egameni likarhulumente e linge. A nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo lamagqwetha ngokuphonononga zabo umxhasi langoku a nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo. A nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo lamagqwetha gathers ubungqina ngenxa yabo umxhasi.
Baya ukuhlola ityala ukuze ufumanise viable defenses.
Ukuba baya kufuneka ifayile pretrial izindululo zokuphela, baya qiniseka ukuba babe ifayile i-izindululo zokuphela kwi ilungelo indlela.
Abemi ingaba-siseko amalungelo.
Hayi indlela urhulumente unako okokuba umthetho ukuba kunyhasha umntu ke ilungelo kuba free from i-unreasonable ukukhangela kwaye seizure. Komthetho kanjalo andinaku gcina umntu kwi-ejele kuba i-engaqinisekanga ngokwe xesha. Wolwaphulo-attorneys kufuneka sazi njani umgaqo-siseko kwaye wolwaphulo-mthetho iikona. Bamele lumkela-siseko iziphumo zemisebenzi yokufama umthetho njengoko bahamba malunga zabo umsebenzi losapho ngenxa yabo abaxhasi njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuze akhusele kwaye ikhusele ilizwe labo ngokomgaqo-siseko amalungelo. Zolwaphulo mthetho umthetho senzo ifuna diverse izakhono kwaye umthamo kuba memorization. Likwakwazi exciting Kuba abaqondisi-mthetho abo njenge rhoqo inkundla appearances kwaye occasional imbonakalo kwi lwethelevijini, wolwaphulo-mthetho elungileyo fit. Ulwaphulo-mthetho abaqondisi-mthetho kufuneka ethambileyo kwi phezulu koxinzelelo kwiimeko. Baye kanjalo kufuneka ukwazi ukuba kwi kweenyawo zabo. Kukho amaxesha ayi ixesha jonga into phezulu okanye bafuna yesibini uluvo lwakhe xa sukuba kufuneka aziphathe umcimbi ka-imizuzwana yiya admit ubungqina, okanye ukwenza i-objection. Ulwaphulo-mthetho umthetho yindlela elungileyo fit kuba abaqondisi-mthetho abo musa njenge ukuba nihlale ngxi. Abaqondisi-mthetho abo ukhethe kugxila urhulumente nemithetho encinane indawo kummandla unako silindele kuba ezininzi inkundla hearings ngeveki.
Banako silindele kuqhuba iimvavanyo kunye nezinye contested hearings.
Abaqondisi-mthetho abo kugxila ulwaphulo-mthetho kanjalo kuba nenkululeko umngeni yokwakha kunjalo.
Baya kovavanyo amapolisa iingxelo kwaye enze udliwano-ndlebe amangqina.
Baya luhlole kunokwenzeka defenses kwaye kwalatha ukuba ngaba mhlawumbi baya isicelo meko. Ekubeni i-ngobuchule, ulwaphulo-mthetho lawyer ufuna kakuhle rounded remix ka-nenkululeko lwezakhono kunye oral isikhokelo.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho abaqondisi-mthetho kanjalo kuxhamla ekubeni a phezulu kuba rote memorization.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho abaqondisi-mthetho andinaku rely kwi ukuthetha okanye ukufunda yedwa. A lawyer, ulwaphulo-mthetho, kufuneka ubhale ngokucacileyo ukuze kakuhle ifayile izindululo zokuphela kwaye uncedo inkundla ukuqonda nuanced ngemiba yemigaqo. Bamele kanjalo kuba yovavanyo isikhokelo lwezakhono ukuze yenze imisebenzi complex izilingo. Nokuba a lawyer advocates egameni likarhulumente okanye kuba i-umtyholwa, bamele kanjalo kuba interpersonal uphuhliso lwezakhono ukuze ezisebenza nge kwelinye icala kwaye jury. Ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye isohlwayo ngu ezinzima ishishini. Society kuxhomekeke urhulumente abatshutshisi kunye wesithili attorneys ukuba losapho kuba ukhuseleko loluntu. Ngexesha elinye, defendants rely kwi zabo attorneys ukukhusela zabo amalungelo losapho kwi avote egameni lazo. Lonto yenza wolwaphulo-mthetho eliphezulu stakes affair. Kuba attorneys abaya kuxhamla ngembalelwano kwaye courtroom, wolwaphulo-mthetho i-khetho ukuphonononga. Wolwaphulo-attorneys ukuchitha ixesha ephanda kwaye usebenzisa logic ukuhlola zabo meko siqwalaselwe nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo. Baya ifayile izindululo zokuphela nezinye paperwork kwaye argue iimeko ngaphakathi enkundleni. Kuba attorneys abathanda ukucinga kwi kweenyawo zabo, wolwaphulo-mthetho a abafanelekileyo career oyikhethileyo. Ngaphambi koko wam career mna kuphethwe iimeko kwi-inani iindawo ezahluka-hlukileyo. Ndaye abanye wolwaphulo-mthetho, landlord-tenant iimeko, probate, personal injury nezinye ngokubanzi zasekuhlaleni litigation amatyala. Esi sixhobo ifuna JavaScript ukuqhuba.
